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Wednesday
Feb152006

Quatrain 12

 

می خور که به زیرگِل بسی خواهی خفت

بی مونس و بی حریف و بی همدم و جفت

زنهار به کس مگو تو این راز نهفت

هر لاله که پژمرد نخواهد بشکفت
source, Dashti 17, p. 247

may khor ke be zir-e gel basi khaahi khoft
bi munes o bi harif o bi hamdam o joft
zenhaar be kas magu to in raaz-e nehoft
har laale ke pezhmord nakhaahad beshkoft

Drink wine! long must you sleep within the tomb,
Without a friend, or wife to cheer your gloom;
Hear what I say, and tell it not again,
"Never again can withered tulips bloom."

Whinfield, quatrain 107

Ah, drink! Beneath the earth you shall be lain,
Without friend, mate or spouse you shall remain --
This hidden mystery to none explain:
The tulip withered won't its bloom regain!
Saidi, quatrain 88

Oh, threats of Hell and Hopes of Paradise !
One thing at least is certain--
This Life flies;
One thing is certain and the rest is Lies;
The Flower that once has blown for ever dies.

FitzGerald, stanza 63, 5th edition
(FG has italicized 'This' in line 2)

 Translation & Discussion of the quatrain:
1.  Drink wine because you will sleep beneath the ground for a long time  2. Without companion, without mate, without  lover and partner -- I suppose these are synonymous (some translations shorten the list) yet the list is more 'Persian' and intimate as it continues: hamdam -- 'sharing the same breath/or language' and joft -- someone 'yoked' a word which joft is cognate with; munes is more general, 'associate' likely nails it while harif sometimes is used for a person you don't like  3.  Careful! Don't tell anyone this hidden secret -- there may be many other 'injunctive' passages like this one in Persian literature.  I think of Rumi, ghazal 2219 from the divan-e shams-e tabrizi, where intense feelings can be dissipated by talk or cannot be expressed through words.  Here it serves two purposes: the first order is for recipients of the 'secret' to take this advice and use it and secondly, with irony, many, if told this, would not see the meaning.  Why waste words on those who cling to prevalent teaching? 4. The flower which has withered will not bloom
Returning to FitzGerald ---in the first edition FitzGerald has: Oh, come with old Khayyam and leave the Wise/To talk: one thing is certain, that Life flies.  This very quatrain (that is quatrain 12 in this weblog)  appeared in both of FitzGerald's sources, and the last two lines of the quatrain inspired the stanza above; the first two lines inspired part of the following stanza (24, 5th edition; Heron-Allen, pp. 41 and 97).

Ah, make the most of what we yet may spend,
Before we too into the Dust descend;
Dust into Dust, and under Dust to lie

Sans Wine, sans Song, sans Singer, and -- sans End!

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